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- AlphaFold DB - Comprehensive AI-predicted protein structure database from DeepMind providing 200M+ high-confidence protein structure predictions covering UniProt reference proteomes and beyond. Includes confidence metrics (pLDDT for per-residue confidence, PAE for pairwise accuracy estimates), structure quality assessment, predicted aligned error matrices, and multiple structure formats (PDB, mmCIF, AlphaFold DB format). Supports programmatic access via REST API, bulk downloads through Google Cloud Storage, and integration with structural analysis tools. Enables structure-based drug discovery, protein function prediction, structural genomics, comparative modeling, and structural bioinformatics research without experimental structure determination - ChEMBL - Comprehensive manually curated database of bioactive molecules with drug-like properties maintained by EMBL-EBI. Contains 2M+ unique compounds, 19M+ bioactivity measurements, 13K+ protein targets, and 1.1M+ assays from 90K+ publications. Provides detailed compound information including chemical structures (SMILES, InChI), bioactivity data (IC50, EC50, Ki, Kd values), target information (protein families, pathways), ADMET properties, drug indications, clinical trial data, and patent information. Features REST API access, web interface, downloadable data files, and integration with other databases (UniProt, PubChem, DrugBank). Use cases: drug discovery, target identification, lead optimization, bioactivity prediction, chemical biology research, and drug repurposing - ClinPGx - Clinical pharmacogenomics database (successor to PharmGKB) providing gene-drug interactions, CPIC clinical guidelines, allele functions, drug labels, and pharmacogenomic annotations for precision medicine and personalized pharmacotherapy (consolidates PharmGKB, CPIC, and PharmCAT resources) - ClinVar - NCBI's public archive of genomic variants and their clinical significance with standardized classifications (pathogenic, benign, VUS), E-utilities API access, and bulk FTP downloads for variant interpretation and precision medicine research - ClinicalTrials.gov - Comprehensive registry of clinical studies conducted worldwide (maintained by U.S. National Library of Medicine) with API v2 access for searching trials by condition, intervention, location, sponsor, study status, and phase; retrieve detailed trial information including eligibility criteria, outcomes, contacts, and locations; export to CSV/JSON formats for analysis (public API, no authentication required, 50 req/min rate limit) - COSMIC - Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer, the world's largest database of somatic cancer mutations (millions of mutations across thousands of cancer types, Cancer Gene Census, mutational signatures, structural variants, and drug resistance data) - DrugBank - Comprehensive bioinformatics and cheminformatics database containing detailed drug and drug target information (9,591+ drug entries including 2,037 FDA-approved small molecules, 241 biotech drugs, 96 nutraceuticals, 6,000+ experimental compounds) with 200+ data fields per entry covering chemical structures (SMILES, InChI), pharmacology (mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, ADME), drug-drug interactions, protein targets (enzymes, transporters, carriers), biological pathways, external identifiers (PubChem, ChEMBL, UniProt), and physicochemical properties for drug discovery, pharmacology research, interaction analysis, target identification, chemical similarity searches, and ADMET predictions - ENA (European Nucleotide Archive) - Comprehensive public repository for nucleotide sequence data and metadata with REST APIs for accessing sequences, assemblies, samples, studies, and reads; supports advanced search, taxonomy lookups, and bulk downloads via FTP/Aspera (rate limit: 50 req/sec) - Ensembl - Genome browser and bioinformatics database providing genomic annotations, sequences, variants, and comparative genomics data for 250+ vertebrate species (Release 115, 2025) with comprehensive REST API for gene lookups, sequence retrieval, variant effect prediction (VEP), ortholog finding, assembly mapping (GRCh37/GRCh38), and region analysis - FDA Databases - Comprehensive access to all FDA (Food and Drug Administration) regulatory databases through openFDA API covering drugs (adverse events, labeling, NDC, recalls, approvals, shortages), medical devices (adverse events, 510k clearances, PMA, UDI, classifications), foods (recalls, adverse events, allergen tracking), animal/veterinary medicines (species-specific adverse events), and substances (UNII/CAS lookup, chemical structures, molecular data) for drug safety research, pharmacovigilance, regulatory compliance, and scientific analysis - GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) - NCBI's comprehensive public repository for high-throughput gene expression and functional genomics data. Contains 264K+ studies, 8M+ samples, and petabytes of data from microarray, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, and other high-throughput experiments. Provides standardized data submission formats (MINIML, SOFT), programmatic access via Entrez Programming Utilities (E-utilities) and GEOquery R package, bulk FTP downloads, and web-based search and retrieval. Supports data mining, meta-analysis, differential expression analysis, and cross-study comparisons. Includes curated datasets, series records with experimental design, platform annotations, and sample metadata. Use cases: gene expression analysis, biomarker discovery, disease mechanism research, drug response studies, and functional genomics research - GWAS Catalog - NHGRI-EBI catalog of published genome-wide association studies with curated SNP-trait associations (thousands of studies, genome-wide significant associations p≤5×10⁻⁸), full summary statistics, REST API access for variant/trait/gene queries, and FTP downloads for genetic epidemiology and precision medicine research - HMDB (Human Metabolome Database) - Comprehensive metabolomics resource with 220K+ metabolite entries, detailed chemical/biological data, concentration ranges, disease associations, pathways, and spectral data for metabolite identification and biomarker discovery - KEGG - Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, comprehensive database resource integrating genomic, chemical, and systemic functional information. Provides pathway databases (KEGG PATHWAY with 500+ reference pathways, metabolic pathways, signaling pathways, disease pathways), genome databases (KEGG GENES with gene catalogs from 5,000+ organisms), chemical databases (KEGG COMPOUND, KEGG DRUG, KEGG GLYCAN), and disease/drug databases (KEGG DISEASE, KEGG DRUG). Features pathway enrichment analysis, gene-to-pathway mapping, compound searches, molecular interaction networks, ortholog identification (KO - KEGG Orthology), ID conversion across databases, and visualization tools. Supports REST API access, KEGG Mapper for pathway mapping, and integration with bioinformatics tools. Use cases: pathway enrichment analysis, metabolic pathway reconstruction, drug target identification, comparative genomics, systems biology, and functional annotation of genes - Metabolomics Workbench - NIH Common Fund metabolomics data repository with 4,200+ processed studies, standardized nomenclature (RefMet), mass spectrometry searches, and comprehensive REST API for accessing metabolite structures, study metadata, experimental results, and gene/protein-metabolite associations - OpenAlex - Comprehensive open catalog of 240M+ scholarly works, authors, institutions, topics, sources, publishers, and funders. Provides complete bibliometric database for academic literature search, citation analysis, research trend tracking, author publication discovery, institution research output analysis, and open access paper identification. Features REST API with no authentication required (100k requests/day, 10 req/sec with email), advanced filtering (publication year, citations, open access status, topics, authors, institutions), aggregation/grouping capabilities, random sampling for research studies, batch ID lookups (DOI, ORCID, ROR, ISSN), and comprehensive metadata (titles, abstracts, citations, authorships, topics, funding). Supports literature reviews, bibliometric analysis, research output evaluation, citation network analysis, and academic database queries across all scientific domains - Open Targets - Comprehensive therapeutic target identification and validation platform integrating genetics, omics, and chemical data (200M+ evidence strings, target-disease associations with scoring, tractability assessments, safety liabilities, known drugs from ChEMBL, GraphQL API) for drug target discovery, prioritization, evidence evaluation, drug repurposing, competitive intelligence, and mechanism research - NCBI Gene - Comprehensive gene-specific database from NCBI providing curated information about genes from 500+ organisms. Contains gene nomenclature (official symbols, aliases, full names), genomic locations (chromosomal positions, exons, introns), sequences (genomic, mRNA, protein), gene function and phenotypes, pathways and interactions, orthologs and paralogs, variation data (SNPs, mutations), expression data, and cross-references to 200+ external databases (UniProt, Ensembl, HGNC, OMIM, Reactome). Supports programmatic access via E-utilities API (Entrez Programming Utilities) and NCBI Datasets API, bulk downloads, and web interface. Enables gene annotation, comparative genomics, variant interpretation, pathway analysis, and integration with other NCBI resources (PubMed, dbSNP, ClinVar). Use cases: gene information retrieval, variant annotation, functional genomics, disease gene discovery, and bioinformatics workflows - Protein Data Bank (PDB) - Worldwide repository for 3D structural data of proteins, nucleic acids, and biological macromolecules. Contains 200K+ experimentally determined structures from X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy. Provides comprehensive structure information including atomic coordinates, experimental data, structure quality metrics, ligand binding sites, protein-protein interfaces, and metadata (authors, methods, citations). Features advanced search capabilities (by sequence, structure similarity, ligand, organism, resolution), REST API and FTP access, structure visualization tools, and integration with analysis software. Supports structure comparison, homology modeling, drug design, structural biology research, and educational use. Maintained by wwPDB consortium (RCSB PDB, PDBe, PDBj, BMRB). Use cases: structural biology research, drug discovery, protein engineering, molecular modeling, and structural bioinformatics - PubChem - World's largest free chemical information database maintained by NCBI. Contains 110M+ unique chemical compounds, 270M+ bioactivity test results, 300M+ chemical structures, and 1M+ patents. Provides comprehensive compound information including chemical structures (2D/3D structures, SMILES, InChI), physicochemical properties (molecular weight, logP, H-bond donors/acceptors), bioactivity data (assays, targets, pathways), safety and toxicity data, literature references, and vendor information. Features REST API (PUG REST, PUG SOAP, PUG View), web interface with advanced search, bulk downloads, and integration with other NCBI resources. Supports chemical similarity searches, substructure searches, property-based filtering, and cheminformatics analysis. Use cases: drug discovery, chemical biology, lead identification, ADMET prediction, chemical database mining, and molecular property analysis - PubMed - NCBI's comprehensive biomedical literature database containing 35M+ citations from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Provides access to abstracts, full-text articles (when available), MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms, author information, publication dates, and citation networks. Features advanced search capabilities with Boolean operators, field tags (author, title, journal, MeSH terms, publication date), filters (article type, species, language, publication date range), and saved searches with email alerts. Supports programmatic access via E-utilities API (Entrez Programming Utilities), bulk downloads, citation export in multiple formats (RIS, BibTeX, MEDLINE), and integration with reference management software. Includes PubMed Central (PMC) for open-access full-text articles. Use cases: literature searches, systematic reviews, citation analysis, research discovery, and staying current with scientific publications - Reactome - Curated pathway database for biological processes and molecular interactions (2,825+ human pathways, 16K+ reactions, 11K+ proteins) with pathway enrichment analysis, expression data analysis, and species comparison using Content Service and Analysis Service APIs - STRING - Protein-protein interaction network database (5000+ genomes, 59.3M proteins, 20B+ interactions) with functional enrichment analysis, interaction partner discovery, and network visualization from experimental data, computational prediction, and text-mining - UniProt - Universal Protein Resource for protein sequences, annotations, and functional information (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot reviewed entries, TrEMBL unreviewed entries) with REST API access for search, retrieval, ID mapping, and batch operations across 200+ databases - USPTO - United States Patent and Trademark Office data access including patent searches, trademark lookups, patent examination history (PEDS), office actions, assignments, citations, and litigation records; supports PatentSearch API (ElasticSearch-based patent search), TSDR (Trademark Status & Document Retrieval), Patent/Trademark Assignment APIs, and additional specialized APIs for comprehensive IP analysis - ZINC - Free database of commercially-available compounds for virtual screening and drug discovery maintained by UCSF. Contains 230M+ purchasable compounds from 100+ vendors in ready-to-dock 3D formats (SDF, MOL2) with pre-computed conformers. Provides compound information including chemical structures, vendor information and pricing, physicochemical properties (molecular weight, logP, H-bond donors/acceptors, rotatable bonds), drug-likeness filters (Lipinski's Rule of Five, Veber rules), and substructure search capabilities. Features multiple compound subsets (drug-like, lead-like, fragment-like, natural products), downloadable subsets for specific screening campaigns, and integration with molecular docking software (AutoDock, DOCK, Glide). Supports structure-based and ligand-based virtual screening workflows. Use cases: virtual screening campaigns, lead identification, compound library design, high-throughput docking, and drug discovery research

Parse FCS (Flow Cytometry Standard) files v2.0-3.1. Extract events as NumPy arrays, read metadata/channels, convert to CSV/DataFrame, for flow cytometry data preprocessing.